The Parent PrU: A measure to assess personal utility of pediatric genomic results.

PURPOSE: We aimed to adapt and validate an existing patient-reported outcome measure, the personal-utility (PrU) scale, for use in the pediatric genomic context. METHODS: We adapted the adult version of the PrU and obtained feedback from 6 parents whose child had undergone sequencing. The resulting measure, the Parent PrU, was administered to parents of children in 4 pediatric cohorts of the Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research consortium after they received their children's genomic results. We investigated the measure's structural validity and internal consistency. RESULTS: We conducted a principal-axis factor analysis with oblimin rotation on data from 755 participants to determine structural validity. These analyses yielded a 3-factor solution, accounting for 76% of the variance in the 16 items. We used Cronbach's α to assess the internal consistency of each factor: (1) child benefits (α = .95), (2) affective parent benefits (α = .90), and (3) parent control (α = .94). CONCLUSION: Our evidence suggests that the Parent PrU scale has potential as a measure for assessing parent-reported personal utility of their children's genomic results. Additional research is needed to further validate the Parent PrU scale, including by comparing its findings with utility assessments reported by clinicians and children themselves.

Organização da atenção primária à saúde de municípios de São Paulo, Brasil: modelo de atenção e coerência com as diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde / Organización de la atención primaria de salud de municipios de São Paulo, Brasil: modelo de atención y coherencia con las directrices del Sistema Único de Salud / Primary health care organization in municipalities of São Paulo, Brazil: a model of care aligned with the Brazilian Unified National Health System's guidelines

Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os principais padrões de organização das redes municipais de serviços de atenção primária à saúde (APS) e avaliá-los segundo os indicadores de interface entre gestão e gerenciamento local. Trata-se de pesquisa avaliativa que analisou 461 municípios de São Paulo, Brasil, que participaram do Inquérito de Avaliação da Qualidade de Serviços de Atenção Básica (QualiAB) em 2017/2018, classificados segundo a composição dos arranjos organizacionais de 2.472 serviços de APS. Para avaliar os padrões identificados, foram selecionados oito indicadores de gestão e gerenciamento local. Os resultados apontam dois grupos de municípios: homogêneos, com serviços de um mesmo arranjo (43,6%); e heterogêneos, com diferentes arranjos (56,4%). Os grupos foram subdivididos em sete padrões que variaram entre homogêneo-tradicional, homogêneo-Estratégia Saúde da Família, homogêneo-misto e diferentes combinações no grupo heterogêneo. Todos os indicadores apontaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos (p < 0,001), com destaque para o grupo homogêneo-tradicional, com padrão organizacional distante do modelo desejado para uma APS abrangente e resolutiva, enquanto aqueles com unidades de saúde da família (USF), e com unidades básicas com agentes comunitários de saúde e/ou equipes de saúde da família (UBS/USF) demonstraram um padrão mais aproximado desse modelo - com ações de planejamento e avaliação comprometidos com a realidade local e com a qualificação do trabalho. Discute-se a importância das políticas implementadas pela gestão federal e estadual e seu poder de indução na definição do modelo de atenção à saúde na APS dos municípios.

Resumen: El trabajo tiene el objetivo de analizar los principales patrones de organización de las redes municipales de servicios de atención primaria de salud (APS) y evaluarlos conforme los indicadores de interfaz entre la dirección y gestión local. Se trata de una investigación evaluativa que analizó 461 municipios de São Paulo, Brasil, que participaron de la Encuesta de Evaluación de la Calidad de los Servicios de Atención Primaria (QualiAB) en 2017/2018, clasificados según la composición de los arreglos organizativos de 2.472 servicios de APS. Para evaluar los patrones identificados, se seleccionaron ocho indicadores de dirección y gestión local. Los resultados indican dos grupos de municipios: homogéneos, con servicios de un mismo arreglo (43,6%) e heterogéneos, con arreglos diferentes (56,4%). Los grupos se subdividieron en siete patrones que iban desde homogéneo-tradicional, homogéneo-Estrategia de Salud de la Familia, homogéneo-mixto y diferentes combinaciones en el grupo heterogéneo. Todos los indicadores señalaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p < 0,001), con destaque para el grupo homogéneo-tradicional, con patrón organizativo alejado del modelo deseado para una APS completa y resolutiva, mientras aquellos con unidades de salud de la familia (USF), y con unidades básicas con agentes comunitarios de salud y/o equipos de salud de la familia (UBS/USF) demostraron un patrón más cercano a este modelo -con acciones de planificación y evaluación comprometidas con la realidad local y con la calificación del trabajo. Se discute la importancia de las políticas implementadas por la gestión federal y la gestión estatal y su poder de inducción para definir el modelo de atención a la salud en la APS de los municipios.

Abstract: This study analyzes the main organization patterns used by primary health care (PHC) services in municipal networks and evaluates them according to indicators of local management-administration interface. Evaluative research analyzed 461 municipalities in São Paulo, Brazil, that participated in the Primary Care Services Quality Assessment Survey (QualiAB) in 2017/2018, classified according to the organizational arrangements composition of 2,472 PHC services. Eight indicators of local management and administration were selected to evaluate the identified patterns. Results indicate two groups of municipalities: homogeneous, with services presenting the same arrangement (43.6%); and heterogeneous, with different arrangements (56.4%). These were subdivided into seven patterns that ranged from homogeneous-traditional, homogeneous-Family Health Strategy, homogeneous-mixed, and different combinations in the heterogeneous group. All indicators showed significant differences between groups (p < 0.001), especially the homogeneous-traditional group, which presented an organizational pattern far from the desired model of a comprehensive and problem-solving PHC. Those integrated with family health units (FHU) and basic health units with community health workers and/or family health teams (BHU/FHU) showed a pattern closer to a comprehensive model - with planning and evaluation actions committed to the local reality and qualification of care. Implementation of federal and state policies are essential for defining the PHC health care model adopted by municipalities.

Perceção de satisfação dos utentes relativamente aos cuidados de enfermagem numa urgência médico-cirúrgica / Patients' perceived satisfaction with nursing care in a medical-surgical emergency unit / Percepción de la satisfacción de los usuarios respecto a los cuidados de enfermería en un servicio de urgencias médico-quirúrgicas

Resumo Enquadramento: A avaliação da satisfação dos utentes permite obter indicadores importantes para implementar estratégias promotoras de cuidados de saúde, e como tal, de satisfação. Objetivo: Identificar a perceção de satisfação dos utentes relativamente aos cuidados de enfermagem e, avaliar a sua relação com as variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais. Metodologia: Estudo transversal analítico, exploratório, de cariz quantitativo, a partir da aplicação da Escala de Satisfação do Cidadão face aos Cuidados de Enfermagem (ESCCE), numa amostra de 100 utentes, numa urgência médico-cirúrgica. Resultados: Obteve-se uma pontuação média de perceção de satisfação de 217 ± 57,8. Constatou-se ainda que 41,8% da amostra, apresentou uma perceção elevada de satisfação, 23,2% moderada e 35,3% de baixa satisfação. Verificou-se uma relação estatística significativa com a variável habilitações literárias: os respondentes com menor nível de habilitação, apresentaram uma perceção de satisfação mais elevada (239 ± 60,8). Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem a pertinência em formação de competências técnica, relacional e comunicacional, como estratégias promotoras dos cuidados, e de satisfação, ao nível individual e institucional relativamente aos cuidados de enfermagem.

Abstract Background: Assessing patient satisfaction allows obtaining relevant indicators to implement strategies for improving the quality of care and, consequently, patient satisfaction. Objective: To identify patients' perceived satisfaction with nursing care and assess its association with sociodemographic and professional variables. Methodology: Analytical, cross-sectional, and exploratory study with a quantitative approach. The Escala de Satisfação do Cidadão face aos Cuidados de Enfermagem (Citizen Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scale) was applied to a sample of 100 patients in a medical-surgical emergency unit. Results: The mean perceived satisfaction was 217 ± 57.8. In this sample, 41.8% of participants had high perceived satisfaction, 23.2% had moderate perceived satisfaction, and 35.3% had low perceived satisfaction. A statistically significant correlation was found between satisfaction and education level: participants with lower education levels had higher perceived satisfaction (239 ± 60.8). Conclusion: Technical, relational, and communication skills training is important to improve the quality of care and increase satisfaction with nursing care at an individual and institutional level.

Resumen Marco contextual: La evaluación de la satisfacción de los usuarios permite obtener indicadores importantes para poner en marcha estrategias que promuevan la atención sanitaria y, con ello, la satisfacción. Objetivo: Identificar la percepción de la satisfacción de los usuarios con respecto a los cuidados de enfermería y evaluar su relación con las variables sociodemográficas y profesionales. Metodología: Estudio transversal, analítico, exploratorio y cuantitativo basado en la aplicación de la Escala de Satisfacción del Ciudadano frente a los Cuidados de Enfermería (ESCCE) en una muestra de 100 usuarios de un servicio de urgencias médico-quirúrgicas. Resultados: Se obtuvo una puntuación media de satisfacción percibida de 217 ± 57,8. También se observó que el 41,8% de la muestra tenía una percepción de satisfacción elevada, el 23,2% una satisfacción moderada y el 35,3% una satisfacción baja. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa con la variable nivel de estudios: los encuestados con menor nivel de estudios tenían una mayor percepción de satisfacción (239 ± 60,8). Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que es relevante la formación en competencias técnicas, relacionales y de comunicación, como estrategias para promover el cuidado y la satisfacción, a nivel individual e institucional, respecto a los cuidados de enfermería.

Feedback for Emergency Ambulance Staff: A National Review of Current Practice Informed by Realist Evaluation Methodology.

Research suggests that feedback in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) positively affects quality of care and professional development. However, the mechanisms by which feedback achieves its effects still need to be better understood across healthcare settings. This study aimed to understand how United Kingdom (UK) ambulance services provide feedback for EMS professionals and develop a programme theory of how feedback works within EMS, using a mixed-methods, realist evaluation framework. A national cross-sectional survey was conducted to identify feedback initiatives in UK ambulance services, followed by four in-depth case studies involving qualitative interviews and documentary analysis. We used qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics to analyse survey responses from 40 prehospital feedback initiatives, alongside retroductive analysis of 17 interviews and six documents from case study sites. Feedback initiatives mainly provided individual patient outcome feedback through "pull" initiatives triggered by staff requests. Challenges related to information governance were identified. Our programme theory of feedback to EMS professionals encompassed context (healthcare professional and organisational characteristics), mechanisms (feedback and implementation characteristics, psychological reasoning) and outcomes (implementation, staff and service outcomes). This study suggests that most UK ambulance services use a range of feedback initiatives and provides 24 empirically based testable hypotheses for future research.

INEQUITIES IN SECONDARY CARE IN ORAL HEALTH FOR SPECIAL NEEDS PATIENTS IN BRAZIL / INIQUIDADES NA ATENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA EM SAÚDE BUCAL PARA PACIENTES COM NECESSIDADES ESPECIAIS NO BRASIL

This study examined individual and contextual factors that impact the attainment of objectives set by the Ministry of Health for Special Needs Patients Dentistry (OPNE) in Brazilian Centers for Dental Specialties (CEO). Secondary data from DATASUS and the CEO Access and Quality Improvement Program (PMAQ-CEO) were utilized, encompassing 1013 facilities. Statistical analysis employed Poisson regression and multilevel analysis, with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The findings revealed that CEOs, on average, achieved goals for basic OPNE procedures for six months each year. The Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM) and CEO type exerted an influence on goal attainment, with CEO types II and III displaying a greater likelihood of achieving the goals. The Southeast and South regions exhibited lower chances of achieving the objectives. The scarcity of specialized professionals remains a challenge in the treatment of patients with special needs. In conclusion, in Brazil, CEO type and IDHM are associated with improved CEO performance in attaining goals for the OPNE specialty.

Este estudo analisou variáveis individuais e contextuais que influenciam o cumprimento de metas estabelecidas pelo Ministério da Saúde para a Odontologia para Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais (OPNE) em Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO) brasileiros. Foram utilizados dados secundários do DATASUS e do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade dos CEO (PMAQ-CEO), referentes a 1013 estabelecimentos. Realizou-se regressão de Poisson e análise multinível, com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. Os resultados indicaram que os CEO alcançaram as metas para procedimentos básicos em OPNE em média seis meses por ano. O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) e o tipo de CEO influenciaram o cumprimento das metas, com os CEO tipo II e III tendo mais chances de atingi-las. A escassez de profissionais especialistas ainda é um desafio para o atendimento aos pacientes com necessidades especiais. Conclui-se que, no Brasil, o tipo de CEO e o IDHM estão relacionados ao melhor desempenho dos CEO no cumprimento das metas para a especialidade de OPNE.

Family caregivers' experience with healthcare and social care professionals and their participation in health checkups: A cross sectional study in Japan.

Background: For family caregivers, who are generally regarded as a vulnerable population, having regular checkups is a desirable health behavior. This study examined family caregivers' habit of having regular checkups prior to becoming involved with professionals who care for patients, and whether they had had recent checkups. We then examined the association between family caregivers' experience with professionals and their participation in checkups after adjusting for the past habit. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional survey in Japan between November and December 2020. We recruited family caregivers who were aged 40-74 years and caring for community-dwelling adult patients. The outcome variable was whether family caregivers had undergone any health checkups since April 2019. We assessed family caregivers' experience using the Japanese version of the Caregivers' Experience Instrument (J-IEXPAC CAREGIVERS). Results: Of the 1091 recruited family caregivers, 629 were included in the analysis. Of these, 358 had previously undergone regular checkups, and 158 had no checkups or selected the option "unknown." Outcome rates in each group were 74.6% and 43.0%, respectively, and 62.0% for all 629 caregivers. Multivariate modified Poisson regression analysis revealed that among the J-IEXPAC CAREGIVERS scores, only the domain score for attention for the caregiver was significantly associated with family caregivers' participation in checkups (adjusted prevalence ratio per 1 SD increase = 1.07; 95% CI 1.01-1.14). Conclusions: Among family caregivers' experience with professionals, the factor that focused on caregivers themselves was significantly associated with their participation in checkups. This finding underscores the significance of caregiver-focused care.

Interrupted time series evaluation of the impact of a dementia wellbeing service on avoidable hospital admissions for people with dementia in Bristol, England.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a dementia wellbeing service (DWS) signposting people with dementia to community services decreases the rate of avoidable hospital admissions, in-hospital mortality, complexity of admissions (number of comorbidities) or length of stay. METHODS: Interrupted time series analysis to estimate the effects of the DWS on hospital outcomes. We included all unplanned admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions ('avoidable hospital admissions') with a dementia diagnosis recorded in the Hospital Episode Statistics. The intervention region was compared with a demographically similar control region in the 2 years before and 3 years after the implementation of the new service (October 2013 to September 2018). RESULTS: There was no strong evidence that admission rates reduced and only weak evidence that the trend in average length of stay reduced slowly over time. In-hospital mortality decreased immediately after the introduction of the dementia wellbeing service compared to comparator areas (x0.64, 95% CI 0.42, 0.97, p = 0.037) but attenuated over the following years. The rate of increase in comorbidities also appeared to slow after the service began; they were similar to comparator areas by September 2018. CONCLUSIONS: We found no major impact of the DWS on avoidable hospital admissions, although there was weak evidence for slightly shorter length of stay and reduced complexity of hospital admissions. These findings may or may not reflect a true benefit of the service and require further investigation. The DWS was established to improve quality of dementia care; reducing hospital admissions was never its sole purpose. More targeted interventions may be required to reduce hospital admissions for people with dementia.

The PrU: Development and validation of a measure to assess personal utility of genomic results.

PURPOSE: People report experiencing value from learning genomic results even in the absence of clinically actionable information. Such personal utility has emerged as a key concept in genomic medicine. The lack of a validated patient-reported outcome measure of personal utility has impeded the ability to assess this concept among those receiving genomic results and evaluate the patient-perceived value of genomics. We aimed to construct and psychometrically evaluate a scale to measure personal utility of genomic results-the Personal Utility (PrU) scale. METHODS: We used an evidence-based, operational definition of personal utility, with data from a systematic literature review and Delphi survey to build a novel scale. After piloting with 24 adults, the PrU was administered to healthy adults in a Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research Consortium study after receiving results. We investigated the responses using exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: The exploratory factor analysis (N = 841 participants) resulted in a 3-factor solution, accounting for 74% of the variance in items: (1) self-knowledge (α = 0.92), (2) reproductive planning (α = 0.89), and (3) practical benefits (α = 0.91). CONCLUSION: Our findings support the use of the 3-factor PrU to assess personal utility of genomic results. Validation of the PrU in other samples will be important for more wide-spread application.

Assessment of the Psychosocial Care Center multidisciplinary team from users' and family members' perspective / Evaluación del equipo multidisciplinario del Centro de Atención Psicosocial desde la perspectiva de los usuarios y familiares / Avaliação da equipe multiprofissional do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial na perspectiva de usuários e familiares

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the multidisciplinary team of a Psychosocial Care Center I from users' and family members' perspective. Methods: an evaluative study, anchored in the fourth generation evaluation theoretical-methodological framework, carried out in a Psychosocial Care Center I, from September 2021 to March 2022. Eleven users and 06 family members participated. Data were collected through non-participant observation, individual interviews and negotiation sessions, and analyzed using the Constant Comparative Method, using the MAXQDA software. Results: the team develops its care based on individual and collective care, with integrated and complementary work by professionals. They seek to facilitate treatment initiation and continuation, considering health needs and offering support, understanding and guidance to users and their families. Final Considerations: the multidisciplinary team's work is based on the psychosocial paradigm, which can qualify care and strengthen the service role in the mental health network.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar el equipo multidisciplinario de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial I desde la perspectiva de los usuarios y familiares. Métodos: estudio evaluativo, anclado en el referencial teórico-metodológico de la evaluación de cuarta generación, realizado en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial I, de septiembre de 2021 a marzo de 2022. Participaron 11 usuarios y 06 familiares. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de observación no participante, entrevistas individuales y sesiones de negociación, y analizados mediante el Método Comparativo Constante, utilizando el software MAXQDA. Resultados: el equipo desarrolla su asistencia a partir de la asistencia individual y colectiva, con trabajo integrado y complementario de los profesionales. Busca facilitar el inicio y la continuación del tratamiento, considerando las necesidades de salud y ofreciendo apoyo, comprensión y orientación a los usuarios y sus familias. Consideraciones Finales: la actuación del equipo multidisciplinario se basa en el paradigma psicosocial, que puede calificar la atención y fortalecer el papel del servicio en la red de salud mental.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a equipe multiprofissional de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial I na perspectiva dos usuários e familiares. Métodos: estudo avaliativo, ancorado no referencial teórico-metodológico da avaliação de quarta geração, realizado em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial I, de setembro de 2021 a março de 2022. Participaram 11 usuários e 06 familiares. Os dados foram coletados por observação não participante, entrevistas individuais e sessões de negociação, e analisados pelo Método Comparativo Constante, com uso do software MAXQDA. Resultados: a equipe desenvolve sua assistência pautada em atendimentos individuais e coletivos, com trabalho integrado e complementar dos profissionais. Busca facilitar o início e a continuidade do tratamento, considerando as necessidades de saúde e ofertando apoio, compreensão e orientações ao usuário e familiares. Considerações Finais: a atuação da equipe multiprofissional se pauta no paradigma psicossocial, o que pode qualificar o cuidado e fortalecer o papel do serviço na rede de saúde mental.

Estratégias cooperativas para melhorar a cobertura vacinal em crianças no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil / Cooperative strategies to improve vaccination coverage in children in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil / Estrategias cooperativas para mejorar la cobertura de vacunación infantil en el estado de Minas Gerais (Brasil)

Objetivo: relatar a experiência das oficinas de uma pesquisa-ação do tipo intervenção elaborada para aumento da cobertura vacinal de crianças em municípios do estado de Minas Gerais. Método: relato de experiência sobre a metodologia empregada nas oficinas organizadas com objetivo de aumentar a cobertura vacinal no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. As oficinas foram compostas em quatro etapas: momento motivacional, núcleo contextual, núcleo integrador/planejamento e núcleo integrador/resultados. Resultados: As oficinas mostraram-se potentes na sensibilização e na indução da discussão dos indicadores de cobertura vacinal, evidenciando, inconsistências entre o Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunizações e os registros internos dos municípios. Para além dos indicadores, as oficinas, permitiram troca de experiências entre os representantes municipais, discussão de recursos financeiros, estruturação de salas de vacina, aquisição de veículos, contratação de profissionais, entre outros. Considerações Finais: As oficinas mostram-se capaz de evidenciar a realidade dos municípios, para além do reconhecimento das necessidades para melhoria dos processos de imunização, mas também no desenvolvimento de estratégias, capazes de promover aumento das coberturas vacinais.

Objective: to report the experience of workshops of an action research designed to increase vaccination coverage of children in municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais. Method: experience report on the methodology used in the workshops organized to increase vaccination coverage in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The workshops were composed in four stages: motivational moment, contextual core, integrative core/planning and integrative core/results. Results: The workshops proved powerful in raising awareness and inducing discussion of vaccination coverage indicators, evidencing, inconsistencies between the National Immunization Program Information System and the internal records of the municipalities. In addition to the indicators, the workshops allowed the exchange of experiences among municipal representatives, discussion of financial resources, structuring of vaccine rooms, acquisition of vehicles, hiring of professionals, among others. Final Considerations: The workshops are able to highlight the reality of the municipalities, in addition to recognizing the needs for improvement of immunization processes, but also in developing strategies to promote increased vaccination coverage.

Objetivo: relatar la experiencia de los talleres de una investigación-acción diseñada para aumentar la cobertura de vacunación infantil en municipios del estado de Minas Gerais. Método: informe de experiencia sobre la metodología utilizada en los talleres organizados para aumentar la cobertura de vacunación en el estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los talleres constaron de cuatro etapas: momento motivacional, núcleo contextual, núcleo integrador/planificación y núcleo integrador/resultados. Resultados: Los talleres demostraron ser potentes para sensibilizar e inducir la discusión de los indicadores de cobertura de vacunación, evidenciando, inconsistencias entre el Sistema de Información del Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones y los registros internos de los municipios. Además de los indicadores, los talleres permitieron el intercambio de experiencias entre representantes municipales, discusión de recursos financieros, estructuración de salas de vacunas, adquisición de vehículos, contratación de profesionales, entre otros. Consideraciones Finales: Los talleres se mostraron capaces de evidenciar la realidad de los municipios, más allá del reconocimiento de las necesidades de mejora de los procesos de inmunización, pero también en el desarrollo de estrategias, capaces de promover el aumento de la cobertura de vacunación.

Community-based outpatient rehabilitation for the treatment of breast cancer-related upper extremity disability: an evaluation of practice-based evidence.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact and acceptability of outpatient physical or occupational therapy (PT/OT) for breast cancer survivors (BCS) with varying levels of upper extremity disability (UED). METHODS: We retrospectively extracted patient and therapy characteristics, UED measured by quick-disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (QuickDASH, 0-100 pts.), and patient-rated acceptability (1-item, 0-10 pts) from rehabilitation charts of BCS who completed cancer-specialized PT/OT provided by a single national institution in 2019. We summarized characteristics and acceptability using descriptive statistics, then used established parameters to group BCS by baseline UED severity: high- (QuickDASH > 31.5), moderate- (QuickDASH = 18.5-31.5), or low-UED (QuickDASH = 13-18.5). To evaluate within-group pre-to-post QuickDASH change, we used paired samples t test (p < 0.01), then calculated the proportion who achieved the minimally clinical important difference (MCID, 15.9 points). To compare between-groups difference in QuickDASH improvement, we used Kruskal-Wallis test and Chi-squared test. RESULTS: Patients (N = 417) were 59.89 ± 12.06 years old, 99% female, and attended approximately 10 PT/OT sessions (IQR = 6.0-16.0). Most had high baseline UED (62%), followed by moderate (25%) or low UED (13%). For each severity group, mean pre-to-post change in QuickDASH was significant: high-UED (M∆ = 25.13 ± 20.33, d = 1.24, p < 0.01), moderate-UED (M∆ = 11.36 ± 11.9, d = 0.95, p < 0.01), and low-UED (M∆ = 4.84 ± 9.15, d = 0.53, p < 0.01). Most with high UED achieved the MCID (n = 176, 68.2%). In the moderate- and low-UED groups 44% (n = 46) and 4% (n = 2) achieved the MCID, respectively. Acceptability was high (n = 167, Median = 10). CONCLUSION: Outpatient cancer rehabilitation is associated with significant improvement in UED for BCS and was acceptable to patients regardless of UED severity at baseline.

Using an Extended Technology Acceptance Model to Evaluate Digital Health Services.

The evaluation of digital health services is concerned with assessing user satisfaction, improving the quality of health services and drawing useful conclusions regarding the factors that affect citizens' acceptance and intention to use digital health services. This paper proposes a model for evaluating a health digital service, that of, the Personal Health Insurance Record (PHIR), delivered by the Greek Organization for the Health Care Provision. The proposed model is based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), enhanced with two additional factors: a) user satisfaction and b) safety-privacy. The analysis of the results highlighted that the intention to use is significantly affected by perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, user satisfaction and safety-privacy. Parameters such as age and familiarity with the use of e-services also seem to determine the intention to use.

Community-based outpatient cancer rehabilitation services for women with gynecologic cancer: acceptability and impact on patient-reported outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: Women with gynecologic cancers often experience functional impairments impacting quality of life. Physical and occupational therapy (PT/OT) treat functional impairment; however, the acceptability and impact of these services for women with gynecologic cancer are unknown. METHODS: We reviewed rehabilitation charts of women with gynecologic cancer who received PT/OT (i.e., patients) in 2019 and completed patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) selected by their therapist at intake (pre) and discharge (post). We calculated descriptive statistics for patient, rehabilitation, and acceptability (0-10) data. For PROM data, we used paired samples t-tests to evaluate pre-post change, and then calculated effect size (Hedge's g) and the proportion who achieved a minimal detectable change (MDC). RESULTS: PT/OT patients (N = 84) were 64.63 ± 11.04 years old with predominant diagnoses of ovarian (41.7%) or endometrial (32.1%) cancer. They attended a median of 13 sessions (IQR = 8.0-19.0). Sessions were predominantly PT (86%) vs. OT (14%). Median acceptability was 10 (IQR = 9.8-10.0). Pre-post improvement was observed for each of the 17 PROMs used by therapists. Significant improvement (p < .05) was observed for four PROMs: the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (M∆ = 2.93 ± 2.31, g = 1.47, 71% achieved MDC), the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (M∆ = 12.88 ± 12.31, g = 0.61, 60% achieved MDC), the Lymphedema Life Impact Scale (M∆ = 20.50 ± 20.61, g = 1.18, 58% achieved MDC), and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (M∆ = 6.55 ± 9.69, g = 0.33, 7% achieved MDC). CONCLUSION: PT/OT was acceptable and improved patient-reported outcomes for women with gynecologic cancers. Future research is needed to establish gynecologic-specific guidelines for referral and PT/OT practice.

[Relationship between the use of home-visit nursing services and family caregivers' experience of interprofessional care].

AIM: To examine the relationship between the use of home-visit nursing services (VNS) for patients and their family caregivers' experience of interprofessional care, which is an indicator of the care process. METHODS: We used data from a cross-sectional survey in Japan, 2020. Family caregivers 40-74 years old and caring for community-dwelling patients with chronic conditions were recruited. The outcome variable was family caregivers' experience, reflecting the quality of interprofessional care for patients and their caregivers. We used the Japanese version of the Caregivers' Experience Instrument (J-IEXPAC CAREGIVERS), which includes two domains: attention for the patient and attention for the caregiver. The main factor was the use of VNS, and covariates were socioeconomic factors of the caregivers and the use of other health and social care services. J-IEXPAC CAREGIVERS scores were divided into two groups by median values and analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 566 caregivers were included in the analysis. The median age was 62 years old. VNS was used in 86 cases (15.2%). Logistic regression analyses revealed that the use of VNS was significantly associated with a higher total score group for J-IEXPAC CAREGIVERS (odds ratio = 3.02; 95% confidence interval 1.54-5.91). Of the J-IEXPAC CAREGIVERS domains, attention for the patient was significant. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the use of VNS was likely to provide a better experience among family caregivers. Our findings suggest that visiting nurses fulfill their expected role as core members of a multidisciplinary team.

(I can't get no) satisfaction: A comparative study of healthcare recommodification in Europe, 2010-18.

European health reforms during the last decades have strengthened patient rights and introduced choice, competition and financial incentives in a sector that has typically been state-directed and centrally controlled. The marketisation of health care has also drawn out profit and introduced private provision. The main argument behind this trend is that market competition will improve service quality and deliver health services more efficiently. Such reforms often fall under the umbrella of New Public Management (NPM), and there is a lack of empirical research on their effects. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between healthcare marketisation and health system outcomes across European nations. In order to measure a country's degree of healthcare marketisation we employed indicators of healthcare decommodification. The concept refers to the extent to which an individual's access to healthcare is dependent upon their market position and the extent to which a country's provision of health is independent from the market. These indicators are three measures that assess the financing, provision and coverage of the private sector, and thus reflects the varied role of the market in a health care system: private health care expenditure as amount of GDP, private hospital beds as amount of total hospital bed stock, and public healthcare coverage. As indicator of health system outcome, we employed a measure that has not previously been investigated in the context of healthcare marketisation: satisfaction with health care system. We used multilevel analyses on five waves (2009-2017) of the biannual European Social Survey (ESS), with our final models including more than 120,000 individuals from 21 countries. Our methodological approach allowed us to study both cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships. The strongest substantial associations were between coverage and satisfaction, with high public healthcare coverage being associated with higher satisfaction.

Cochlear implant eligibility in an adult hearing aid population: a multi-perspective service evaluation of a patient referral pathway at a British district general hospital.

OBJECTIVES: To quantify patient eligibility for cochlear implantation following National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2019 guidelines (TA566) over five years at our institution, and identify factors influencing patients' decisions surrounding cochlear implantation referral. METHODS: A multi-perspective service evaluation was conducted at a district general hospital, comprising cochlear implantation eligible patients. The main outcome measures were: eligibility numbers for 2014-2019, comparing application of TA566 versus 2009 (TA166) guidelines; and patient interview transcripts and questionnaires. RESULTS: There was a 259 per cent average increase in cochlear implantation eligibility from 2014 to 2019. Most patients' thresholds were 80 dB HL or more at 3 kHz and 4 kHz. There are several cochlear implantation barriers, including patient-centred issues (e.g. health-related anxieties, implantation misperceptions) and external barriers (difficulty getting to regional implant centres). Motivating factors for cochlear implantation include improved quality of life and access to local cochlear implantation services. CONCLUSION: The TA566 guidelines have increased cochlear implantation eligibility, putting pressure on cochlear implantation centres and referring hospitals. Current referral systems have external and patient-centred implantation barriers. British cochlear implantation delivery may need rethinking to meet increasing populational demands and improve accessibility for those most vulnerable to these barriers.

The added value of palliative day care centres: A full-population cross-sectional survey among clients and their family caregivers in Flanders, Belgium.

In addition to palliative care delivery at home or in hospital, palliative day care centres occupy an in-between position in palliative care. In palliative day care centres, multidisciplinary teams provide holistic care and support for people with (chronic) life-limiting conditions, or clients, in a homely surrounding, allowing them to remain living at home while attending a specialist palliative care service. This study aims to evaluate palliative day care centres from a user perspective. We conducted a full-population cross-sectional survey of clients (N = 86) and their family caregivers (N = 63) in all five palliative day care centres in Flanders, Belgium from January until December 2019. We used validated instruments supplemented with self-developed items to measure participants' reasons for use, support provided, unmet support needs and added value to other (palliative) care services across palliative care domains, i.e., physical, psychological, social and spiritual care. Response rate was 77% for clients and 81% for family caregivers. The most often indicated reasons for use were that the client needs social contacts (clients: 73%, caregivers: 65%), to enable the client to live at home as long as possible (resp. 58%, 55%) and to reduce the family caregiver's mental burden (resp. 42%, 65%). Three out of four family caregivers felt better able to combine daily activities with caring for the client (77%) and felt better able to perform their family care-giving tasks (77%) because the client attends the palliative day care centre. Thirty-six per cent of clients had received support for social needs exclusively in the palliative day care centre and not from any professionals outside palliative day care. Palliative day care centres seem to be of added value for those care domains to which often less attention is paid in other settings, particularly social and emotional support, both for clients and family caregivers.

Healthcare needs, experiences and treatment burden in primary care patients with multimorbidity: An evaluation of process of care from patients' perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Patients with multimorbidity often experience treatment burden as a result of fragmented, specialist-driven healthcare. The 'family doctor team' is an emerging service model in China to address the increasing need for high-quality routine primary care. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the extent to which treatment burden was associated with healthcare needs and patients' experiences. METHODS: Multisite surveys were conducted in primary care facilities in Guangdong province, southern China. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from patients (N = 2160) who had ≥2 clinically diagnosed long-term conditions (multimorbidity) and had ≥1 clinical encounter in the past 12 months since enrolment registration with the family doctor team. Patients' experiences and treatment burden were measured using a previously validated Chinese version of the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) and the Treatment Burden Questionnaire, respectively. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 61.4 years, and slightly over half were females. Patients who had a family doctor team as the primary source of care reported significantly higher PCAT scores (mean difference 7.2 points, p < .001) and lower treatment burden scores (mean difference -6.4 points, p < .001) when compared to those who often bypassed primary care. Greater healthcare needs were significantly correlated with increased treatment burden (ß-coefficient 1.965, p < .001), whilst better patients' experiences were associated with lower treatment burden (ß-coefficient -0.252, p < .001) after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSION: The inverse association between patients' experiences and treatment burden supports the importance of primary care in managing patients with multimorbidity. PATIENT CONTRIBUTION: Primary care service users were involved in the instrument development and data collection.

Assessment of organizational dynamics in a Psychosocial Care Center from the multidisciplinary team's perspective / Evaluación de la dinámica organizacional en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial desde la perspectiva del equipo multidisciplinario / Avaliação da dinâmica organizacional em Centro de Atenção Psicossocial na perspectiva da equipe multidisciplinar

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess organizational dynamics in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs from the multidisciplinary team's perspective. Methods: an evaluative, qualitative study, supported by the Fourth Generation Assessment theoretical-methodological framework. It was carried out in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs from September 2019 to March 2020. Data collection took place through observation, individual open-ended interviews and negotiation sessions. The informants were 12 professionals. Analysis was based on Constant Comparative Method. Results: it was highlighted as potential of organizational dynamics, being an outpatient service, trying to address the deficiencies of RAPS and understanding the importance of matrix support. Among the challenges are the fragility of teamwork, reception, insufficient training, worker profile and overload. Final Considerations: the importance of understanding the work process and the care flow is highlighted, in order to strengthen the Psychosocial Care Network.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la dinámica organizacional en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial por Alcohol y Drogas desde la perspectiva del equipo multidisciplinario. Métodos: estudio evaluativo, cualitativo, sustentado en el marco teórico-metodológico de la Evaluación de Cuarta Generación. Realizado en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial por Alcohol y Drogas, de septiembre de 2019 a marzo de 2020. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante observación, entrevistas individuales abiertas y sesión de negociación Los informantes fueron 12 profesionales y el análisis se basó en el Método Comparativo Constante. Resultados: se destacó el potencial de la dinámica organizacional como un servicio ambulatorio, tratando de abordar las deficiencias del RAPS y entendiendo la importancia del soporte matricial. Entre los retos se encuentran la fragilidad del trabajo en equipo, la acogida, la formación insuficiente, el perfil y la sobrecarga del trabajador. Consideraciones Finales: se destaca la importancia de comprender el proceso de trabajo y el diagrama de flujo de la atención, con el fin de fortalecer la Red de Atención Psicosocial.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a dinâmica organizacional em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas na perspectiva da equipe multidisciplinar. Métodos: estudo avaliativo, qualitativo, apoiado no referencial teórico-metodológico da Avaliação de Quarta Geração. Realizado em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas, de setembro de 2019 a março 2020. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da observação, entrevista aberta individual e sessão de negociação. Os informantes foram 12 profissionais, e a análise se baseou no Método Comparativo Constante. Resultados: foram destacadas como potencialidades da dinâmica organizacional ser um serviço ambulatorial, tentar suprir as deficiências da RAPS e entender a importância do matriciamento. Dentre os desafios, estão a fragilidade do trabalho em equipe, do acolhimento, a insuficiência de capacitações, o perfil e sobrecarga do trabalhador. Considerações Finais: salienta-se a importância de compreender o processo de trabalho e o fluxograma de atendimentos, a fim de fortalecer a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial.

Avaliação da eficiência das ações de controle da hipertensão arterial sistêmica na Atenção Básica: um estudo da Região Norte do Brasil / Evaluation of the efficiency of actions concerning Systematic Arterial Hypertension in Primary Health Care: a study in Northern Brazil

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a eficiência das ações de controle da hipertensão na Atenção Básica dos municípios da Região Norte do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo avaliativo, descritivo, transversal e quantitativo utilizando Análise Envoltória de Dados. Os insumos foram: recurso financeiro, jornada de trabalho da equipe e utilização de consultórios, e os produtos: ações de controle da HAS (hipertensos cadastrados, consulta individual e visita domiciliar). A coleta de dados foi realizada através dos bancos de dados secundários, com dados referentes ao ano de 2013. Resultados: Foram avaliados 142 municípios estratificados em dois portes populacionais: até 10 mil habitantes (porte 1) e 10.001-20.000 habitantes (porte 2). Os resultados indicaram baixo percentual de municípios eficientes (22,5% no porte 1 e 34,7% no porte 2), com a menor média de eficiência (0,7634) em municípios do porte 1. Os maiores déficits encontrados foram na consulta individual aos hipertensos em ambos os portes (48,6% e 46,6%, respectivamente). Conclusão: Esses municípios apresentaram escores de eficiência abaixo de suas capacidades instaladas e poderiam aumentar suas ações em mais de 40% em média. Tais achados indicam que os gestores poderiam planejar melhor suas ações, otimizando os recursos disponíveis para aumentar a oferta de serviços.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the efficiency of control actions of Hypertension in Primary Health Care in the municipalities in Northern Brazil. Methods: Evaluative, descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study using Data Envelopment Analysis. The inputs were: financial resources, team work hours and use of consulting rooms; and the outputs: hypertension control actions (registered hypertensive patients, individual appointment and home visits to hypertensive patients). Data collection was performed through secondary databases, with data for the year 2013. Results: 142 municipalities were stratified into two population sizes were used for the study: up to 10,000 inhabitants (size 1) and 10,001 to 20,000 inhabitants (size 2). The results indicated a low percentage of efficient municipalities (22.5% in size 1 and 34.7% in size 2), with the lowest average efficiency (0.7634) in cities of size 1. The biggest deficits found were in the individual appointment with hypertensive patients in both sizes (48.6% and 46.6% respectively). Conclusions: These municipalities had efficiency scores below their installed capacities and could increase their health actions by more than 40% on average. The results indicate that managers could better plan hypertension actions, optimizing the available resources to increase the offer of services provided to hypertensive patients.